1. Standard battle

In addition to China's national standards, foreign countries are mainly three-party melee. The first is the Japanese CHAdeMO standard, which has a first-mover advantage, launched by the Japan Electric Vehicle Association and the Japan Electric Vehicle Charging Association in 2010; followed by the European and American camps, they used European and American cars. In 2012, the company led the Combined Charging System (CCS) launch, which is based on the American SAE standard and the European ACEA standard; finally, the American Tesla, which is a car company and a standard maker, pushes its standard of supercharging piles.

In the chaos of charging standard rivers and lakes, the charging pile operators that provide charging services for cars adopt the strategy of being compatible with several mainstreams charging standard interfaces on their charging piles to provide as many electric vehicles as possible. Car charging (except Tesla).

In 2010, major Japanese automakers, the country's largest electric vehicle company, and the government jointly implemented a plan to create a fast-charging standard for electric vehicles, established the "Electric Vehicle Charging Association", and finally released the CHAdeMO standard. In promoting the standard to become a global standard, several major Japanese car companies and charging pile operating companies have joined together to go overseas and actively lobby in Europe and the United States to gain the upper hand. Nissan LEAF, Mitsubishi i-MiEV, and South Korea's Kia SOULEV, which are currently the top sellers of electric vehicles globally, all adopt the plug-in motor standard. According to the data released by the official website of the plug-in motor, as of October 2015, there were 9,197 charging piles supporting plug-in D.C. fast charging in the world, including 5,484 in Japan, 2,364 in Europe, 1,306 in the United States, 55 in other regions, and 55 in Europe. The market growth is pronounced.

In May 2012, the United States established the "Fast Charging Association" at the 26th World Power Battery Electric Vehicle Conference. In the same month, eight major European and American car companies, including Ford, GM, Volkswagen, Audi, BMW, Daimler and Porsche, and Chrysler, stated the establishment of a unified electric vehicle fast-charging standard and then announced the joint promotion of the Combined Charging System (CCS). The advantage of this charging interface is that it integrates regular charging and fast charging into one plug/socket and can use single-phase, three-phase alternating current and direct current. It has become the "integrator" of mainstream charging piles in Europe and the United States, so it is quickly obtained and accredited by the German Automobile Industry Association. However, CCS belongs to the latecomer camp, so the number of electric vehicles and charging piles currently supporting the CCS standard is less than that of CHAdeMO. According to data released by the electric vehicle industry website InsideEVs.com, as of April 2015, there were only 900 charging piles supporting CCS in Europe, far fewer than CHAdeMO. In the spring of 2015, in California, which has the most developed electric vehicle charging network in the United States, only 104 charging stations supported the CCS standard, while there were 324 plug-in motorcycles. To compete for the market, the E.U. passed the "Alternative Energy Infrastructure Construction Directive", which stipulates that within three years from the entry into force of the directive, public charging stations can still only build CHAdeMO fast charging piles. Still, all new fast-charging piles must have a CCS Fast charging system after that.

2. The battle of business models

At this stage, the world's electric vehicle charging piles include three business models: charging pile + commodity retail + service consumption, charging APP + cloud service + remote intelligent management vehicle manufacturer + equipment manufacturer + operator + user. Manufacturers + equipment manufacturers + operators + users" mode of operation; the United States adopts "charging APP + cloud service + remote intelligent management" and learns from the development of charging pile operation models in other countries. In the future, my country should actively start from serving consumer terminals. Promote the development of the charging pile industry.