Lithium battery cylindrical model, cylindrical lithium battery knowledge

Lithium battery cylindrical model :

1. What is a cylindrical lithium battery?

1. Definition of cylindrical battery

Cylindrical lithium batteries are divided into lithium iron phosphate, cobalt oxide, manganate, cobalt-manganese mixed, and ternary materials. The shell is divided into two types: steel shell and polymer. Different material systems have other advantages. At present, the cylinders are mainly steel-shell cylindrical lithium iron phosphate batteries, which are characterized by high capacity, high output voltage, good charge-discharge cycle performance, stable output voltage, high-current discharge, stable electrochemical performance, and use Safe, wide operating temperature range, environmentally friendly, widely used in solar lamps, lawn lamps, backup energy, power tools, toy models.

2. Cylindrical battery structure

The structure of a typical cylindrical battery includes a shell, cap, positive electrode, negative electrode, separator, electrolyte, PTC element, gasket, safety valve, etc. Generally, the battery shell is the battery's negative electrode, the cap is the positive electrode of the storm, and the battery shell is made of a nickel-plated steel plate.

3. Advantages of cylindrical lithium batteries

Unlike soft packs and square lithium batteries, cylindrical lithium batteries have the longest development time, higher standardization, more mature technology, high yield, and low cost.

· Mature production process, low PACK cost, high battery product yield, and good heat dissipation performance

· Cylindrical batteries have formed a series of internationally unified standard specifications and models, with mature technology suitable for large-scale continuous production.

The specific surface area of the cylinder is large, and the heat dissipation effect is good.

· Cylindrical batteries are generally sealed batteries, and there is no maintenance problem during use.

The battery shell has high-pressure resistance, and there will be no swelling of square and soft-packed batteries during use.

4. Cylindrical battery cathode material

At present, the mainstream commercial cylindrical battery cathode materials mainly include lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), lithium manganate (LiMn2O4), ternary (NMC), lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), etc. The batteries of different material systems have other characteristics. features,

5. Cylindrical battery harmful electrode material

Cylindrical battery anode materials are roughly divided into six types: carbon anode materials, alloy anode materials, tin-based anode materials, lithium-containing transition metal nitride anode materials, nanoscale materials, and nanoscale anode materials.

Carbon nanoscale material anode material: At present, the anode materials used in lithium-ion batteries are carbon materials, such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, mesh carbon microspheres, petroleum coke, carbon fiber, pyrolysis resin carbon, etc.

Alloy-based anode materials: including tin-based alloys, silicon-based alloys, germanium-based alloys, aluminum-based alloys, antimony-based alloys, magnesium-based alloys, and other alloys, and there are currently no commercial products.

Tin-based anode materials: Tin-based anode materials can be divided into tin oxides and tin-based composite oxides. Oxides refer to oxides of metal tin in various valence states. There are currently no commercial products.

· Lithium-containing transition metal nitride anode materials, there are currently no commercial products.

· Nanoscale materials: carbon nanotubes, nano-alloy materials.

· Nano anode material: nano oxide material

2. Cylindrical lithium battery cells

1. Cylindrical lithium-ion battery brand

Cylindrical lithium batteries are more popular among lithium battery companies in Japan and South Korea, and there are also large-scale enterprises in China that produce cylindrical lithium batteries. The earliest cylindrical lithium battery was invented in 1992 by SONY Company of Japan.

Well-known cylindrical lithium-ion battery brands: Sony, Panasonic, Sanyo, Samsung, LG, Wanxiang A123, BAK, Lishen, etc.

2. Types of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries

Five-digit numbers usually represent cylindrical lithium-ion cells. Counting from the left, the first and second digits refer to the battery's diameter, the third and fourth digits refer to the height of the storm, and the fifth digit represents a circle. There are many types of cylindrical lithium batteries. The more common ones are 10400, 14500, 16340, 18650, 21700, 26650, 32650, etc.

①10440 battery

The 10440 battery is a lithium battery with a diameter of 10mm and a height of 44mm. It is the same size as the "AAA battery" we often call it. The battery capacity is generally small, only a few hundred mAh. It is mainly used in mini electronic products, such as flashlights, mini stereos, amplifiers, etc.

②14500 battery

The 14500 battery is a lithium battery with a diameter of 14mm and a height of 50mm. This battery is generally 3.7V or 3.2V. The nominal capacity is relatively small, a bit larger than the 10440 battery, generally 1600mAh, with superior discharge performance and the most application field. Mainly consumer electronics, such as wireless audio, electric toys, digital cameras, etc.

③16340 battery

The 16340 battery is a lithium battery with a diameter of 16mm and a height of 34mm. This kind of battery has a shorter ruler height and a smaller capacity, so it can be used in solid light flashlights, LED flashlights, headlights, laser lights, lighting fixtures, etc. occur frequently.

④18650 battery

The 18650 battery is a lithium battery with a diameter of 18mm and a height of 65mm. Its most prominent feature is its very high energy density, almost reaching 170 Wh/kg. Therefore, this battery is cost-effective. We usually often See this kind of battery because it is a relatively mature lithium battery, and the system quality is stable in all aspects. It is widely used on occasions with a battery capacity of about 10 kWh, such as mobile phones, laptops, and other small appliances.

⑤21700 battery

The 21700 battery is a lithium battery with a diameter of 21mm and a height of 70mm. Because its volume increases, the space utilization rate increases, and the energy density of the battery cell and the system can be improved, its volume energy density is much higher than that of the 18650 battery. It is widely used in digital, electric vehicles, balance vehicles, solar energy lithium battery street lights, LED lights, power tools, etc.

⑥ 26650 battery

The 26650 battery is a lithium battery with a diameter of 26mm and a height of 65mm, with a nominal voltage of 3.2V and a nominal capacity of 3200mAh. This battery has excellent ability and high consistency and has gradually become a trend to replace the 18650 battery. In terms of power batteries, many products will progressively favor this.

⑦ 32650 battery

The 32650 battery is a lithium battery with a diameter of 32mm and a height of 65mm. This battery has a solid continuous discharge capacity, which is more suitable for electric toys, backup power supplies, UPS batteries, wind power generation systems, and wind-solar hybrid power generation systems.

3. Market Development of Cylindrical Lithium Batteries

The technological progress of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries mainly comes from the innovation research and application of critical battery materials. By developing new materials, the battery performance is further improved, the quality is improved, the cost is reduced, and the safety is improved. To meet the requirements for improving the specific energy of batteries in downstream applications, on the one hand, materials with high specific capacities can be used. On the other hand, high-voltage materials can increase the charging voltage.

Cylindrical lithium-ion batteries have developed from 14500 to Tesla 21700 batteries. In the near and mid-term development, while optimizing the existing lithium-ion power battery technology to meet the needs of large-scale development of new energy vehicles, a new type of lithium-ion power battery will be developed. Focusing on improving its key technologies such as safety, consistency, and lifespan, and simultaneously carrying out forward-looking research and developing new system power batteries.

For the medium and long-term development of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries, while continuing to optimize and upgrade new lithium-ion power batteries, focus on research and development of new systems of power batteries, significantly improve specific energy, greatly reduce costs, and realize the practicality and scale of new system power batteries.